What are vanitas paintings and what do they symbolise?
Death and Mortality

What are vanitas paintings and what do they symbolise?

A vanitas is a type of still life painting that reminds the viewer about the fleeting nature of life through the use of symbolic objects. It illustrates the futility of earthly pleasures, the transient nature of life, and death's certainty.
An introduction to The Dance of Death and it's symbolic meanings
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An introduction to The Dance of Death and it's symbolic meanings

The Dance of Death, also known as danse macabre, is an allegory describing the universality of death. Many artists have created their interpretation of The Dance of Death; each version comprises a series of separate images featuring a character from the social strata, from a king to a peddler.
A Guide to Understanding Memento Mori. What They are and Where to Find Them
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A Guide to Understanding Memento Mori. What They are and Where to Find Them

A memento mori (Latin for 'remember that you must die') is an artistic or symbolic reminder of the inevitability of death.